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Human life does not go the pace and pattern of one to one and is filled with diverse expertise and experience that are different emotions and situations compassionate human being is love and sometimes hate Balbgd and another time. It is fear and concern, sometimes security and tranquility once again. My joy for some time and grief and depression in some cases. Thus, we find that human life in the continuing volatility and lasting change. This no doubt makes life a large portion of its value and its fun. And become similar to the lives of inanimate objects that do not improve do not feel in Infl.



The definition of emotion:



Although the concept of the emotion of the concepts common in the area of psychology there is no single definition recognized by all specialists in the field of psychology is also the view of Paul Thomas Young "1961" is in the process of the complex nature and degree that it is essential to the analysis of parts of different viewpoints Consideration. In the ancient writings of some scientists such as Font and Mcdocal and others had seen my emotion event. The focus of the fundamental problems about the relationship between emotion emotional and physical expressions. Was followed by an immediate attention of psychologists merits of the emotional scenes. One must distinguish between the situation which raises the emotion and reaction accident. Valirjaa the same emotional aspects of both internal and external use some of the psychological concept of the emotion that is the reflectivity of certain models of response (such as anger, fear and joy ... etc.). Related to nerve centers in the Alheiboethelamos. Others use the same concept more broadly and that the turmoil arising from a position of severe psychological and emotional experience shows in behavior. It is through changes in visceral members of the Interior.

Valinfal referring to what are being exposed to the organism of irritation or provocation reflected in the change of physiological changes and it gave them the feelings and sentiments of sympathy and willingness to conduct Itkhvv of this stimulation and whether the source of emotional stimulation internally or externally and is closely related to the needs of the object.



Melvin knows Marx "1976" emotion as a "severe turmoil because the situation is severe tension, irritability General and the emotion that during the stop of all types of other activities by the individual. And become active on the object or situation that has raised anger. Just as it affects all the individual entity, whether His conduct or his emotional or physiological functions of Interior (also be discussed later). Arises from the emotion originally Msdrnfisse to realize that occur as a result of some external influences or internal.



Can imagine the emotions it contains two aspects:

I: self-feelings.

The second: substantive responses.



* Own feelings:

Where cases such as anger and emotional experience of self-pleasure felt by the individual. Knowledge and can be identified through verbal reports which describes people emotionally.



• * substantive responses:

• Because there are difficulties in obtaining accurate reports verbally to describe the feelings of individuals. Prefer to study the responses of objectivity, either through watching foreign appearance or features of the body or through the registration the internal responses (such as blood pressure. Pacemaker. Breathing. Ressam brain power .... etc.).



Dimensions of emotions:



Was the efforts of psychologists in an attempt to reach the most important dimensions that can be described emotions on the basis of the following dimensions:

* Or the emotional tone

* Distress

* Duration of the emotion

* Complex or installation



Here are after all the candidates,



1 / or the emotional tone:



The emotional nature of Mchaarojaddanip (such as pleasure) Although the organism to Ingdb of good qualities and emotions rather than alienate or unpleasant qualities.

It is not always easy to distinguish accurately and unequivocally between the two types, especially in cases of moderate emotional stimulation.



2 / events:



Show the emotion or intensity measuring clearly in increasing the energy operations in the three components of the emotional is "feeling or experience or emotional awareness - the explicit conduct - and physiological responses." The relationship between these three elements as a non consistent with varying degrees of intensity or strength in one emotion. It also differs from emotional to another.



3 / time of the emotion:



Different emotional responses in the time frame. Oalm response to a certain level - for example - may be simple and temporariness and have clear implications may also be exaggerated

Thomas Young believes that emotions could be envisaged as operations in the light of several emotional levels vary in the length of time



* First level:

Terms of the presence of simple sensory feelings (positive - negative) include two types of situations Chagrin or pleasure.

* Level carefully:

Sentiments are always Pan continue or level.

* Level III: emotions.

According to the operations of the troubled conscience that arise from the source myself. And accompanied by several physical changes. Including anger and shame and sadness and joy.

* The fourth level mood.

He refers to the emotional situation of the least turbulent and less emotion and intensity to be more the survival of the continuation or emotion. Could continue for several hours or days or weeks. A person changing the mood Infalath reflects a pattern of behavior in public (such as depression - anxiety - Fun), then Valinfalat case of severe disturbance. The mood is a chronic situation.

* Level V: conscience

. This concept is used in both psychiatry and psychology and from clinical cases of severe depression - anxiety - obsession - a sense of euphoria.

* Level VI: emotions.

It is a feeling based on past experiences and knowledge. The present level to achieve a degree of satisfaction and fulfillment or not and when working in a particular area (such as music, art or poetry brother ...)

* Level VII: interest and disincentives.

This includes level interests and activities of the individual and loved in the exercise takes a long time. As disincentives include activities that did not like the individual and try to stay away from them and avoided whenever possible.

* Level VIII: mood feature.

When we talk about this level mean that there is a chronic pattern of emotional or personal characteristic of a great deal of stability and consistency, and appear in many of the individual actions and behaviors

In spite of that there is an overlap between emotions and some other concepts only thing that is clear is that the emotion "emotionally charged process is distinct from other aspects as a state of severe emotional disturbance by a short period of time."



4 / complex or installation



There are emotions that relations linkages among them. Therefore difficult to separate them. We can not give a precise example, completely pure state of fear or anger only. Therefore, the attempt to categorize the emotions is the first step towards streamlining and identify each type of manifestations and to identify changes that go with it. This is what we will in the following paragraph.



Classification patterns emotions:



The names of the verbal emotions - are of the view Melvin Marx - not enough to highlight the features and dimensions. It is proposed to establish the patterns of the emotions in the light of two categories:

First: The Chts origin or descent emotions.

Second: The specific subject of emotion.

Using this test basis for classification, we can distinguish between the two main sources of the emotions are. Attitudes and living organisms (especially humans) and the work of some sub-classifications according to the topics that are the emotion in each category separately.



1 / emotions position:



And this type of heightened emotions through Alatharal_husip direct stimuli or by the defense or the characteristics of long-term position. The perception of the foundation is clearly in emotional pain. Valmenbh or severe stress affects parents to build the body and especially in the superficial parts of it - the individual trying to get rid of it, and to move in response to pain while leading to anger (the attack) or fear (flight) depends on the nature of the situation and the individual's awareness.



2 / primary emotions:



Most of emotions, aggravated the same way by being aware of the various positions and stimulants. The initial emotional responses are divided into four basic patterns: the happiness and sorrow, fear and anger

And we offer the following:



* Happiness: In response pleasure or happiness are the results satisfy the motive. The more deep or strong motive for the individual was more efficient to have some pleasure

This shows the kind of emotions in different forms Calverh severe or pleasure.



* Sorrow: In the end Alojdni related to the pleasure we find what we call getter sorrow. Caused by the loss of a target or subject of undesirable. The reach of this type of individual emotions to an extreme situation Faisab depression.



* Fear: fear is also related to emotional at the end of pleasure or happiness. But it is not opposed to it. The fear response depends on an educated individual to gain experience and knowledge.

The emotional fear and important biological function. He paid the individual to flee from danger and caution appointed him to maintain his life. However, many more than the fear of the post becomes useful reason to harm the lives of the individual. And emotional fear is the emotional experience has shown acquired by Watson that the young child is hardly afraid of the votes but very sudden. He does not fear the darkness or fire or snakes or dogs or cats or other items that may afraid of them adults. Then the child later learns the fear of many things not Ikhavha before.

Fear varies greatly from one person to another and from one civilization to another. It is noted that heightened alert and not from outside the internal automatically when the need is being talked sounded painful response and subsequent withdrawal may cause a painful than the alarm clock nearing withdrawal. The person he was scared. This suggests that the fear response educated. And depend on past experience. The growing sense of fear in the life of the child to another it is first reality. So that a child learning to walk when subjected to painful lapses. Thus growing fear has highlighted the reality. With the increasing maturity of the child learns that normally deal with these threats and disappear fear. And fear as one of the types of emotions include cases of tension, which paid fearful to escape from the situation which led to provoke fear and tension as long as the emotion removed.

Accompanied by emotional fear some physiological changes such as rapid heart beating and Alihssas land in the stomach, chills Alrcayb in the race, and cause vomiting.



* Anger: the anger emotional important interest of the individual is more active and sometimes paid to do some violent acts, but also to remove obstacles. But often high emotional anger and difficult to control the person, leading to some harmful or negative results. This shows the kind of emotions and circumstances result of several factors, including deprivation or prevention. The first children's anger is their inability to achieve the purposes and desires. The anger children a sense of deprivation of parental love and Attvhma.



Foregoing, it is clear that both the emotional fear and anger arising from frustration of some of the basic motivations of the organism. Fear happen if the organism objected and prevented some of the obstacles between him and the desire to achieve. The emotion in each of the cases of fear, anger and increased activity can be used in any danger of frightening situations or to remove obstacles that impede access to the individual desire.

The maturity of a person linked to its ability to control emotional anger Hassan lost the ability to cope.





3 / social emotions:



Divided into two main categories:

First: specialize in particular reference "Kalfajr shame and guilt"

Second: The interaction with others "like love and hatred .."

There seems to be a high degree of overlap between emotions and social emotions position. This chapter depends on the person or persons in certain positions than on the situation in itself. Because of the emotions divide us is to the explanation and interpretation and not the result of research or studies in this regard.

Social emotions are divided into two categories:



* Emotions self-esteem:

Where the individual's ability to assess the same aspects of the most central psychological construction. The process of self-esteem is a function of personal and social variables and many of these variables: the academic level, moral, cultural, economic and cultural framework. And affect the assessment of each individual of the same sense of guilt, shame and remorse.

The Mnkhvzp shame to the case of self-esteem. The feeling of guilt refers to the most emotionally charged response linked to violations of ethical standards and norms. The remorse is a more visible and the extension of the feeling of guilt. And emotional situations differ from one culture to another.



* Emotions relations between persons:

Ltd. related to emotional feelings of the maximum positive to the maximum degree of negative emotions. They must not be our only those poles: love - hate.

Love was drawn emotionally charged case for further communication and interaction with other individuals. Must be conceived in the light of the different types: romantic guerrilla like love and love of parents ... etc..

The hatred is emotionally charged case of their alienation and distance from the others. There are different degrees of love and hatred. Linked to the continuation or the degree of permanence of either the presence or absence of individuals.



Manifestations of emotions and changes associated with:



Can be divided emotional changes associated with the two main types. : The internal physiological changes. And physical expressions of Foreign Affairs.



1 / internal physiological changes:

Accompany the emotional situation of the individual a pressure of several physiological changes and rapid breathing Aldam .. Also affected glands, muscle and stomach and intestinal activity, etc. ...



* Blood pressure: occurs during the emotion changes in blood pressure and its distribution in parts of the body. Gumboil find in both the face and neck in anger. This occurs because the build blood vessels expand and so increase the amount of blood near the skin surface.



* Skin response: the emotion is accompanied by electrical changes can be confirmed by connecting electrodes to the skin (the dirty) related to record Bjlvanumitr response (1) Algelovanip of the skin. The electrical skin response as Mwcrellngirat emotional.



* Breathing: The implementation rate of change and time Sniffling and exhale as the case went Vengda emotional moment of time in cases surprising. The sporadic during the Alcg or cry. When a lie detector, for example to be recorded sustained breathing or blood pressure or a combination to show the emotional state of agitation when the person false.



* Heart: As has also been changing heart rate during the emotional situation, it was noted that rapid pulse during the emotion may increase from 72 to 150 heartbeats per minute. It also pointed out some of the tests conducted on samples of students that the strength of impulse from the heart and blood test before more than two liters minutes after the examination.



* Muscle tension and trembling: The symptoms of muscle tension associated with emotional person was shivering during extreme emotion. The artist through the muscle power to increase electrical activity during emotional person.



* Movement of the stomach and intestine: it shows that anger accompanied by swollen internal membrane of the stomach with an increase in | systole muscles and increase the proportion of acid secretion of them. In cases of depression less proportion of stomach acid and stop the movement.

As indicated by the use of X-ray that the movement of the stomach and intestine affected by extreme fury. The emotional effect leads to vomiting and diarrhea.



* Emotion and colleges: As I changed jobs and the proportion of the total water and salt in the body depending on the emotional state of change. In cases of extreme agitation and fear, for example, the percentage of urinating.



* Endocrinology and the emotion: changing rates of endocrine secretion of hormones during the emotion. For example, active Algdtan neighboring kidneys in cases of anger, fear the risk of a sudden we find an increase in the hormone adrenaline, which leads to increased liver carry out its activities by increasing the amount of sugar in the blood is released by the liver. The increase in the amount of sugar to mobilize energy to meet the individual situation of the emotion Wiczol effects quickly.



2 / physical expressions of Foreign Affairs:

Foreign expressions are the physical means through which to witness the emotions and feelings of individuals, despite the fact that there are some emotional expressions can be hidden Others, however, difficult to hide the lack of a person's ability to control nervous. The ability of the person to control the non-verbal expressions on the degree of psychological and physical health. Has been found through research conducted by each of the Akman and others on the emotional expressions of mentally ill patients are found to be less control over the expressions on their hands and legs of them in terms of control over their faces. Supposed to have an explanation for this is that the physical areas with the least subject to control and other expressions of feelings And ideas have leaked from some of the least restraint or control.



Theories explain emotions:



1 / physiological theories:



* James theory - Lang: Danish publication of the physiological world, "George Karl Lang. (1834 - 1950)" theory in 1885 in the emotions is that emotions occur as a result of the change in the person a sense of blood vessels.

William James (1842-1900) philosopher and psychologist American had reached a separate similar to the theory. The 1890 publication of his book in the principles of psychology theory in the emotion and taking into account the contribution of Wang. The theory known as the theory of James - Lang. In the emotion.

It was not a theory Lange very wide as the only confirmed the change of blood vessels, while William James and fuss with all kinds of visceral changes. However, they agree that emotions are a result of a sense of the person or vascular changes in the internal viscera. Physical before being supplanted visceral sense of emotional .. (For example, we see something frightening feel Fenrtash and fear). In contrast to the common idea - then that goes to the emotion that its behavior - William James emphasized that the conduct is generating the emotion and summarizes the contents of the theory, saying: "We are afraid because we are."

This in his view, "Hilgard and Iikison" who gave this theory some acceptance and reasonableness.

In spite of the importance of this theory. There are some tests to prove that it was the theory inadequate. It transpired that emotional feeling does not happen if Viscera and Hejná glands empirically. Vlidtrapat physiological visceral is not alone responsible for the sense of emotion.

As a result of the criticisms that were directed to the theory of James - Lange in the interpretation of emotions. Provide a physiological American "and a liter of December" (1871 - 1945) show that his theory is as follows:



* Althelamusep or Almhadip theory: the theory put forward by December to explain the emotions. The content of the emotional feelings are alerted Althelamos Tnejp or mulch. The expressions of the emotional behavior of the functions are Alheiboethelamos or witnessed the brain.

This theory assumes that Alihsasat different parts of the body up to all of the cerebral cortex and Alheiboethelamos paths through the sense of rising. Where the issue two types of nerve Alsialat: one for the cortex to feel fury. And second Hipthelamos specializes in emotional behavior and manifestations. According to this theory that the sense of emotional and behavioral emotional published at the same time and not as previously thought one after the other.

The Iwkhadd this as a mere theoretical assumptions and there is no scientific proof or a sense of stability shows that the fury of a mulch and mulch not only serve the initial feeling sensitive.



Note: Althelamos hypothalamus is the center of the organization of sensory information received by the brain. Where the brain tells what is happening outside the boundaries of the body.

What is under the mulch Alheiboethelamos monitoring devices that regulate body functions is to tell the brain what is happening inside the body.



2 / theoretical knowledge:

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