اختي الي منااازل انا الي اعرفه انوو مو لااازم عااادي تختبرين السنه الي تجي

لانهم وانا اسجل حاااطين لي اختيااارات انا من خريجات اي سنه يعني عااادي


تحياااااااااااااااااااتي

انا عندي حل تدريبات الادب بس ما ادري وشلووون انزله

يسلمووو ( احاول انسى ) ماقصرتي ياقلبي

رنا الجاسم ابشري ياقلبي الله يوفقني واياك وكل البنات ويارب يسهل علينا الاختبارت يارب


Unit 1


Literature


a novel رواية / قصة طويلة


a story قصة قصيرة


literature الأدب


author مؤلف


novelist روائي / قصّاص


fictional = not true خيالي


autobiography سيرة ذاتية للكاتب


stage خشبة المسرح


Theatre المسرح


expect يتوقع


expectations توقعات


famous مشهور


century = 100 years قرن


childhood مرحلة الطفولة


lonely وحيد


part owner شريك


career عمل/ حرفة / مهنة


company = firm شركة


poet شاعر



strict حازم / صارم / قاسي

bring up يربي

a play مسرحية

prisoner سجين

convict متهم

escape = run away يهرب

kind = friendly عطوف

kindness طيبة القلب

receive يتسلم

education التربية / التعليم

regularly بانتظام

insurance التأمين

wealthy = rich ثري / غني

catch = arrest يقبض على

manhood الرجولة

sentence ( v.) يحكم على

orphan يتيم

effort جهد / مجهود

promise يعد


poem قصيدة




























Word Study

actor :شخص يمثل مسرحية
A person who acts in a play .
يربي
Bring up :يعتني بـ طفل
Take care of a child
عمل / مهنة
Career :للشخص الحياة العملية
A person’s working life .
شخصية
Character :شخص
A person in a book .
What makes one person different from another . ما يميز شخص عن آخر
التأمين
Insurance :اتفاق لدفع مال في حالة المرض الحوادث
An agreement to pay money in case of illness or accidents .
Kind
Helpful عطوف
وحيد
Lonely :غير سعيد
Unhappy when alone .عندما يكون بمفرده
شريك
Part owner : شخص يتقاسمملكية شيء
A persons who shares the ownership of something .
مسرحية
Play :نوع من الكتابة للمسرح
A piece of writing for the theater .
قصيدة
Poem :نوع منالكتابة سطور قوافي
A piece of writing that has lines and repeated sounds .
خشبة المسرح
Stage :جزء من المسرح عليه الممثلون يقف
The part of the theater on which actors stand .
مبنى المسرح
Theatre :المبنى تتم
The building in which plays are performed .

Word Study Exercises

career مهنة / حرفة / عمل
childhood الطفولة
made up مختلق / خيالي
prisoner سجين
lonely وحيد
allowance قسط
flat شقة
bring / brought up يربي
author مؤلف
fortune ثروة
manhood الرجولة
kind طيب / عطوف
novel رواية
part جزء
strict قاس / صارم
kindness عطف
sentenced يحكم على
attempt يحاول
fiction رواية خيالية
firm شركة
fictional مختلق / خيالي

كتب المؤلف
1-The author of the book has written many other stories .
حكم على سرق
2-Because he stole some jewellery , he was sentenced to a year in prison .
صارم الأب
3-That boy's father is very strict . He makes him study every night .
يقرا رواية
4-People who travel often take a novel with them to read on the journey .
مصروف
5-My father used to give me twenty riyals as a week's allowance .
الهرب حاول
6-The convict was caught as he attempted to escape out of the window .
الباقي جزء
7-I will make a part payment now and pay the rest of the money later .

شقة فندق
8-On holiday , some families stay in a hotel and . Others rent a flat .
تأمين حادث
9-You must pay the cost of the accident yourself if you have no insurance .
خيالية غير حقيقية
10-The story in that book is not true . It is made up .
وحيد أصدقاء بدون
11-Without friends or family , a person can sometimes feel lonely .
خيال حقيقة
12-Sometimes it is difficult to say whether the story is a fact or fiction .
ثروة ثري
13-He is very wealthy . He made his fortune in the food business .
يعتني بـ طيب
14-It was very kind of you to look after our cat while we were on holiday .
في الريف تربى
15-Some of my friends were brought up in town , others in the country .
مهنة رجل
16-We know a lot about him as a man but little about his career .
الشرطة مطلوب
17-The man is wanted by the police . . They think he did something wrong .
خيالي غير حقيقي
18-The characters in that book are not real . they are fictional .
شركة بيوت
19-The houses were built by a good firm of builders .
المدرسة الأدب
20-You can not become a scientist if you only study literature at school .
Questions and Answers
What is a novel ?طويلة قصة بها شخصيات أحداث

It is along story which has characters and events .
What is a play ? قصة تمثل على خشبة المسرح
It is a story acted on the stage .
What is a biography ? قصة حياة شخص ما كتبها آخر
It is the life story of someone written by someone else .
What is an autobiography ? قصة حياة المؤلف نفسه
It is the life story of the author himself .
Who is Charles Dickens ? مشهور روائي روايات
He is a famous English novelist .He wrote novels .
Who is Shakespeare ? مشهور كاتب مسرحيات قصائد
He is a famous English writer .He wrote plays and poems .
What did Dickens write ?
He wrote novels . روايات
What did Shakespeare write ? he wrote poems قصائد and plays مسرحيات .
Exercises
Match the word with its definition :
1-an actor ( ) warm –hearted
2-career ( ) a person in a book
3-insurance ( ) the building in which plays are performed .
4-lonely ( ) a person who writes poems .
5-kind ( ) a person who acts on the stage .
6-stage ( ) without friends .
7-poet ( ) part of the theatre .
8-theatre ( ) an agreement to pay money in case of accidents . ********************************************
The Past Simple Tense
يستخدم الماضي البسيط للتعبير عن فعل حدث في الماضي .
future---------------------------------X----------past
Verb+ed ( regular verbs ) الأفعال غير الشاذة
watched visited started helped cleaned cooked
lived received smiled believed liked

studied carried married denied tried

The second form ( Irregular verbs)التصريف الثاني للأفعال غير المنتظمة

Go----- went see -----saw fly ------flew write ------wrote

Buy --- -bought catch ----caught choose -------chose
was I /He / She / It مفرد was have
Be had
were We /You /They /جمع were has







Key words علاماته
الماضي Last+ time week—month –year ---summer ---winter
Yesterday/ أمس once / ذات مرة --ago منذ -/ in the past في الماضي
Examples
My friend flew to London two month ago . ( fly )
They built the house four years ago . (build )
Ali sent me a letter last week . ( send )
I gave him my book last night . ( give )
Cavemen felt safer in caves . ( feel )
Yesterday , T.V. announcedDiana’s engagement . ( announce )
Shakespeare lived in the 16th century . ( live )
Was was not
Were were not
had did not have


عند النفي :- نضع كلمة did not قبل الفعل ثم نرده للتصريف الأول





Cavemen had furniture . Cavemen did not have furniture .
My father mended the bike yesterday . My father did not mend the bike .
I wrote a letter last week . I didn't write a letter last week .
عند السؤال :- نستخدم الفعل المساعد did لنبدأ به السؤال أو كفعل مساعد بعد كلمة الاستفهام
Youssef wrote to his friend last week
Did Youssef write to his friend last week ?
When Did Youssef write to his friend last week ?

She made that cake herself .
Did she makethat cake herself ? .
What did she make herself ?
كلمة الاستفهام + did + نبدأ من أول الجملة (مع رد الفعل لأصله )

Ask a question :اسأل سؤال

The book describes accidents for doctors ( Ask using : Who .. ? ) ……………………………………………………?
The boy cleaned the board with an eraser ( Ask using : What .. ? ) ……………………………………………..?
Samy used a non – slip mat in the bath ( Ask using : Where .. ? )
………………………………………………..?
Dickens wrote “ Great Expectation ". ( Ask using : What .. ? )
……………………………………………. ?
Majed asked Jamal about the library (Ask using : Why ) …………………………………..
The stories were rewritten in easy English . ( Ask using : How ) ………………………………….. ?
The interview took place in Jeddah . ( Where ) ………………………………… ?


The Past simple Passiveالماضي البسيط في المبني للمجهول

عند تحويل الجملة الخبرية إلى مبني للمجهول في الماضي يكون شكل الجملة :
فاعل مفعول
Object +was –were +p.p. +by + Subject .
1 2 3
Arabic replaced Latin .
Latin was replaced by Arabic .
1 2 3
Mona irrigated the flowers yesterday .
The flowers were irrigated yesterday .
Shakespeare wrote that play . ………………………………………….. .
The author made up that story . ………………………………………….. .
Ali took the book from Ahmad in class . ………………………………………….
Ahmad bought a new computer last week . ………………………………………….
Choose the right answer :

1- The letter was ( write – wrote – writing – written ) by my friend .
3- The bridge was ( built – building – build – builds ) over the river in 1990.
2- The car ( cleaned – was cleaned – cleaning – clean ) by Ali last week .
4-Those radios (were ( makes- make – made – is making ) in Japan .
5- The flowers ( was irrigated - were irrigated - irrigated - irrigate ) by my father .
***************************************************************
أما إذا كانت الجملة سؤالا يبدأ بكلمة did فإننا نحذفها
1 2 3

Did Shakespeare write those plays ?

1-Those plays were written by Shakespeare . نحول الجملة كما سبق
2-Were those plays written by Shakespeare ? was / were ثم نقدم
D id you buy a new computer ?
1-A new computer was bought by you .
2-Was a new computer bought by you ?
Change into passive ? OR Make passive ?

1-Did you buy the new car from Jeddah ?
………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….
2-Did they find the pen ?
………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….
3-Did Ali start his project ?


………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

Did the police arrest the convict ?

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….

Did you write the letter ?

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….
Did the farmer irrigate the flowers ?

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….
Did King A.A capture Riyadh ?

………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….
where

أما إذا بدا السؤال بكلمة استفهام: نستخدم نفس كلمة الاستفهام بعد تحويل الجملة للمجهول

did you buy the car ?
The car was bought by you .
Where was the car bought by you ?
why

1 2 3
Why did he close shop ?
The shop was closed by him .
Why was the shop closed by you ?
Make these sentences passive :
When did you mend the bike?
………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….
When did they mend the car ?
………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….
How often did Ali irrigate the flowers ?
………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….
When did he write The Merchant of Venice ?
………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………….
أما إذا كان بالجملة سؤال مذيل tag question :-
1- نحذف السؤال المذيل ضمير الفاعل didn't +
2- نحول الجملة كما سبق ثم نستخرج منها was/ were + ضمير المفعول الذي بدأت به الجملة
Dickens wrote that novel , didn't he ?
That novel was written by Dickens ,wasn’t it ?
They built anew house ,didn’t they ?
……………………………………………… , ………………..?
Samy irrigated the flowers ,didn’t he ?
…………………………………………. , ……………………?
The man helped PIP ,didn’t he ? …………………………………….., ………….?
The Past Conditional
If Past Simple Would +المصدر (الفعل في التصريف الأول)

إذا وجدت if في جملة ابحث عن would + inf . فان لم تجدها اخترها او صحح الفعل بوضعها قبله . و إن وجدتها ضع الفعل الأخر في التصريف الثاني او اختر التصريف الثاني

IF you cycled to the sun ,you would take 1000 years .

He would walk everyday , if he lived near school .
I would learn more English if I stayed a long time .
If I went to Dammam , I would go by plane .
Correct the following:
If I( have )a car ,I would drive to school .
…………………………………………..
If it (rain ),we would be happy .
………………………………….
If saw a wolf ,he (run) away
………………………………………….
They would visit Makkah first ,if they (come )to S.A.
……………………………………….
If Earth (not have) oxygen ,we would die .
………………………………………..
Saleem would see the new books ,if he (go) to the library .
……………………………………………….
If were Would + المصدر
If the Earth’s surface ( be) not solid ,we would not be able to live ( …………….)
Dickens ‘s books would be different if he (be) alive today . ( ……………..)
If I (be) you , I would read as much as possible . ( ……………..)
If I (be ) rich , I would buy a Benz . ( ……………..)
Ali would come soon if he ( be ) at home . ( ……………..)
© Choose the correct answer:
I - If I ( am - are - were - will be ) you , I would go to the dentist,
2-You ( will get - would get - got - get) high marks if you studied hard.
3-If my father ( has - is - had - was ) enough money , he would buy a car.
4- If I were you , I (go - will go - went - would go) to the doctor5-What ( will - can - would - may ) you do if you had $ 1000 ?
5-If I were a millionaire, I (bought - will buy - would buy - buying ) a villa .
6-- What (will - would - do - did) you do , if you had a lot of money ?
7- My table is ( break - broke - breaking - broken ).
8- What would you do if you (saw - see - seen - sees) a dangerous snake ?
9- When do you usually wake (in- on –at - up ) ?
10-Jf I had a lot of money , I (will buy - would buy - bought - Buying ) a new car .
11- If you ( didn’t come – don’t come – hadn’t come – wouldn’t come ) to the party , I would be angry .
12- If we used better fertilizers , our crops (would grow – will grow –grown – grow ) faster .
13-If I ( will not – does not - did not – would not ) like your ideas , I’d say so .
14- If you worked hard , you (would not have – would not – will not – are not ) be able to pass the exam .
15-If you had to live in another country, where ( do – will – did – would ) go ?6-

16-If I won some money , I (will buy – would buy – buys – buy ) a new car .
17-If she ( gets – got – getting – has got ) up early , she would catch the bus .
18-What ( will- would – can – shall ) if you had a lot of money .
19-If I had enough time , I ( will – would – must – can ) go for a walk .
The Past Perfect Tense الماضي التام
يستخدم الماضي التام للتعبير عن حدث وقع في الماضي البعيد
Past X future

Form : had + P.P.(past participle)
Prophet Ibrahim had built the Ka’aba .
The Pharaohs had invented astrology .
The Romans had fought the Muslims .
ويستخدم أيضا إذا كان هناك حدثين حدثا في الماضي ...ووقع أحدهما قبل الآخر
Past x x Future

Yesterday ,I watched the match after I had done my H.W .
She cooked lunch after she had cleaned the house .
Yesterday, after he had eaten breakfast ,he went to school .
Before

past simple had. +P.P.
Before


Before

Had +p.p. past simple
before

I answered the question ,I had studied the lesson .
I had written the letter I posted it .
***************************************************************
After




after

had+ P.P. past simple ماضي بسيط
Past simple had+ p.p.
After


they had eaten they thanked their host .
after




He left the factory he had finished work .
اذا كانت الكلمة بعد after مفعولا به ,نستخدم had been+ p.p.
After the house had been built ,we moved to it .
After the man had been arrested ,he died in prison .
After All the money had been taken , Pip worked to study . .
Correct the verbs between brackets :-
After Pip (bring) up by his sister ,he went to London . ………………….
Pip did not expect to work after he (promise ) a large fortune . ………………….
The police arrested the thief after the bank (steal ) . ………………….
After he( try ) ,he escaped from the prison . ………………….
After it (mend ),the car looked good . ………………….
*****************************************************
The Reported Speech
كيف نحول الجملة الخبرية إلى غير مباشر
أولا : نغير فعل القول :said to told / asked
ثانيا : نحذف الأقواس ونغير الضمائر إلى ضمائر الغائب :
I me my mine
You you your your ضمائر المفرد



He him his his
We us our ours
You you your yours ضمائر الجمع

They them their theirs
***************************************
ثالثا :نحول جميع الأفعال إلى ماضيها إذا كان فعل القول : said-told
1-verb to be :
am - is was
are were
was – were had been
************************************ **
verb to have :
have - has had
had had had
****************************************
Defective verbs :
Can shall will may must

Could should would might ought to
*****************************************
present simple past simple
play –plays played
go – goes went
past simple past perfect ( had + p.p.)
played had played
went had gone
ظروف المكان
ظروف الزمان
here there
there over there
this that
these those
tomorrow the next day
next week the following week
yesterday the day before
last week the week before
today that day
now then
ago before

Change into reported speech / Change into indirect / Report حول لغير المباشر
Ali said to Sami “ I can mend your car "

Ali told Sami he could mend his car .
Rami said to Hani “I am visiting my friends tomorrow “.

Rami told Hani he was visiting his friends the next day . .

Report the following / Change into reported speech :-
1-A said to B “My friends were in Jeddah yesterday .”
…………………………………………………………. .
2- A said to B “I study my lessons with my friend ."
…………………………………………………. .
3- A said to B “My father bought a car for me last week .”
……………………………………………………………. .
4- A said to B” I helped you with your work yesterday .”
………………………………………………………
5-" The stories have been written in easy English "
…………………………………………………………….…..
6-"Shakespeare wrote poems and plays "
………………………………………………………………...
7-"Shakespeare lived in the sixteenth century "
………………………………………………………………...
8-"Dickens didn't write plays "
………………………………………………………………...
Yes – No Question.
إذا كان السؤال يبدا بفعل مساعد من :
verb to Be - verb to have - Defective verbs
1- نحول فعل القول إلى : asked
2-نحذف الأقواس و نربط بكلمة if
3-نقدم الفاعل على الفعل المساعد ....... و نطبق ما سبق

1-A said to B “Can you answer the question for me ?”

A asked B if he could answer the question for him .
2- A said to B “ Have you finished your work ?”

A asked B if he had finished his work .
Report the following questions ;-
A said to B “Will you visit your uncle tomorrow ?”
…………………………………………………………. .
4- A said to B “Has your friend gone with you to Riyadh ?”
………………………………………………….. .
5- A said to B "Are your friends going with you tomorrow ?"
……………………………………………………………………
6-A said to B" Were you born in Jeddah ?"
…………………………………………………………………..
7- A said to B" Can you mend my bike for me ?"
…………………………………………………………. .

** أما إذا كان السؤال يبدأ بكلمة .. Does - Do نحذفها و نضع فعل الجملة الأساسي في التصريف الثاني .
5- A said to B “ Do you go to school on Friday ?”



A asked B if [