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The internet and the web
National computer net**** called Advanced Research Project Agency Net**** (ARPANET).
The internet is a large net**** that connects together smaller net****s all over the global.
The internet is actual net****.
It’s made up of wires, cables, satellites, and rules of exchanging information between computers connected to the net****.
Being connected to this net**** is often described as being ********
The web was introduced at the Center for European Nuclear Research (CERN).
It provides multimedia interface to resource available on the internet.
Web is a multimedia interface to the resources available on the internet.
The internet and the web have evolved into one of the most powerful tools of the 21st century.
Most common use of the internet and web:-
1. Communication: is by far the most popular internet activity.
2. Shopping: is one of the fastest-growing internet applications.
3. Searching: for information has never been more convenient. You can find the latest local, national, and international news.
4. Education or e-learning: is another rapidly emerging web application. You can take classes on almost any subject.
5. Entertainment: options are nearly endless. You find music, movies, magazines, and computer games.
The first step to using the internet and the web is to get connected, or to gain access to the internet.
Access
Once you are on the internet, your computer become an extension of what seems like a giant computer—a computer that branches all over the world.
Providers:
The most common way to access the internet is through an Internet Service provider (ISP).
The providers are already connected to the internet and provide a path or connections for individuals to access the internet.
The most widely used commercial Internet service providers are:
1. National service providers:
- Like Comcast, Qwest, and Verizon are the most widely used
- The provide access through standard telephone pr cable connections.
- Users can access the internet from almost anywhere within the country for a standard fee without incurring long-distance telephone charge.
2. Wireless service providers:
- Offer internet connections for computers with wireless modems and a wide array of wireless device.
Browsers:
Browsers are programs that provide access to web recourses.
This software connects you to remote computers, opens and transfers files, displays text and images.
Provides in one tool in uncomplicated interface to the internet and web documents.
Browsers allow you to explore, or to surf, the web by easily moving from one web site to another.
Four 4 well-unknown browsers are: Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and Google Chrome.
For browsers to connect to resources, the location or address of the resources must be specified. These addresses are called Uniform Resource Locators (URLs).
URLs have two parts:
1. The first part presents the protocol used to connect to resources.
- Protocols are rules for exchanging data between computers.
- The protocol http is used for web traffic and is most widely used internet protocol.
2. The 2nd part presents the domain name.
- It indicates the specific address where the resource is located.
- The last part the domain name following the dot (.) is the top-level domain (TLD). It identifies the type of organization.
Once the web site has connected to the web site, a document file is sent back to your computer. This document is typically contains Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). The browser intercepts HTML formatting instructions and displays the document as a web page.
Web pages also can contain special programming to add intercept and activity. A language called JavaScript is often used to trigger simple interactive features such as opening new browser window and checking information entered in online forms.
An advanced use of JavaScript called AJAX. This technology is used to create interactive web sites that respond quickly, like traditional desktop application software.
Applets are written in the Java programming language.
The Java Applets are used to presents animation, display graphics; provide interactive games, and much more.
Access the internet from variety for mobile device like cell phones. Special browsers called mobile browsers are designed on these portable devices
Communication
Is the most popular internet activity.
E-mail:-
E-mail or electronic mail is the transmission of electronic message over the internet.
Two of the most widely used e-mail programs are Microsoft’s Outlook express and Mozilla Thunderbird.
A typical e-mail message has 3 basic elements:
1. Header: appears first and typically includes the following information:
Addresses:
E-mail addresses have two 2 basic parts:
The first part is the user’s name
The second part is domain name, which includes the top-level domain. For example “ dcoats@usc.edu ”
Subjects:
A one line description, used to present the topic of the message.
Subject lines typically are displayed when a person checks his or her mailbox.
Attachments:
Allow you to attach files such as documents and image files.
2. The letter or message;
3. Signature:
- Provides additional information about the sender. The information may include the sender’s name, address, and telephone number.
Unwelcomed mail is called spam.
In an attempt to control spam, anti-virus laws have been added to our legal system.
Instant messaging:-
Allows two or more people to contact each other via direct, live communication.
Most instant messaging programs also include video conferencing features, file sharing, and remote assistance.
The most widely used instant messaging services are AOL’s instant messaging, Microsoft’s MSN Messenger, and Yahoo Messenger.
Social net****:-
One of the fastest-growing uses of the internet is social net****ing, or connecting individuals to one another.
There are 3 broad categories:
1. Reuniting sites:
- Are designed to connect people who have known one another but have lost touch.
- Two of the best-known reuniting sites are Classmates Online and Facebook.
2. Friend-of-a-friend sites:
- Are designed to bring together two people who don’t know one another but share common friend.
- Two well-known friend-of-a-friend sites are Friendster and MySpace.
3. Common interest sites:
- Bring together individuals that share common interest or hobbies
- Examples: Linkedln and Meetup.
Blogs, microblogs, and wikis
Many individuals create personal web sites, called web blogs or blogs, to keep in touch with friend and family.
Two of the most widely used are blogger and WordPress.
A microblog: publishes short sentences that only take a few seconds to write, rather than long stories or posts like a traditional blog. The most popular microblogging site, twitter.
A wiki is a web site specially designed to allow visitors to fill in missing information or correct inaccuracies. The most famous example is Wikipedia.
Search tools
Search devices maintain huge database relating o information provided on the web and the internet.
Special program called, spiders continually look for new information and update the search devices.
Search Engines:-
Specialized program that assist you in locating information on the web and the internet.
Search engines provide two 2 different search approaches:
1. Keyboard search:
- In a keyboard search, you enter a keyboard or phrase reflecting the information you want.
- The search engine compares your entry against its database and returns a list of hits, or sites that contain the keywords.
- If you’re searching for the specific music file you would use a keyboard search.
2. Directory search:
- Most search engines also provide a directory or list of categories or topic such as Autos, Finance, and Games.
- In a dictionary search, you select a category or topic that fits the information that you want.
- General information.
Metasearch Engines:-
Programs that automatically submit your search request to several search engines simultaneously.
The Metasearch engine receives the results, eliminates duplicates, orders the hits, and then provides the edited list to you.
Specialized search engines:-
Focus on subject-specific websites.
Can potentially save you time by narrowing your search.
Content Evaluation:-
Evaluating web site content:
1. Authority
2. Accuracy
3. Objectivity
4. Currency
Electronic Commerce
Electronic commerce also known as e-commerce, is the buying and selling of goods over the internet.
Involves two 2 parties:
1. Business
2. Consumers
There are 3 basic types of electronic commerce:
1. B2C::Business-to-Consumer:
Involves the sale of the product or service to the general public or end users
2. C2C::Consumer-to-Consumer:
Involves individuals selling o individuals.
3. B2B::Business-to-Business:
Involves the sale of the product or service from one business to another.
Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce:
The fastest growing type of e-commerce is business to consumer.
It is used by large corporations, small corporations, and start-up business.
The three 3 most widely used B2C application are:
1- Online banking;
2- Online stock trading;
3- Online shopping.
National computer net**** called Advanced Research Project Agency Net**** (ARPANET).
The internet is a large net**** that connects together smaller net****s all over the global.
The internet is actual net****.
It’s made up of wires, cables, satellites, and rules of exchanging information between computers connected to the net****.
Being connected to this net**** is often described as being ********
The web was introduced at the Center for European Nuclear Research (CERN).
It provides multimedia interface to resource available on the internet.
Web is a multimedia interface to the resources available on the internet.
The internet and the web have evolved into one of the most powerful tools of the 21st century.
Most common use of the internet and web:-
1. Communication: is by far the most popular internet activity.
2. Shopping: is one of the fastest-growing internet applications.
3. Searching: for information has never been more convenient. You can find the latest local, national, and international news.
4. Education or e-learning: is another rapidly emerging web application. You can take classes on almost any subject.
5. Entertainment: options are nearly endless. You find music, movies, magazines, and computer games.
The first step to using the internet and the web is to get connected, or to gain access to the internet.
Access
Once you are on the internet, your computer become an extension of what seems like a giant computer—a computer that branches all over the world.
Providers:
The most common way to access the internet is through an Internet Service provider (ISP).
The providers are already connected to the internet and provide a path or connections for individuals to access the internet.
The most widely used commercial Internet service providers are:
1. National service providers:
- Like Comcast, Qwest, and Verizon are the most widely used
- The provide access through standard telephone pr cable connections.
- Users can access the internet from almost anywhere within the country for a standard fee without incurring long-distance telephone charge.
2. Wireless service providers:
- Offer internet connections for computers with wireless modems and a wide array of wireless device.
Browsers:
Browsers are programs that provide access to web recourses.
This software connects you to remote computers, opens and transfers files, displays text and images.
Provides in one tool in uncomplicated interface to the internet and web documents.
Browsers allow you to explore, or to surf, the web by easily moving from one web site to another.
Four 4 well-unknown browsers are: Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and Google Chrome.
For browsers to connect to resources, the location or address of the resources must be specified. These addresses are called Uniform Resource Locators (URLs).
URLs have two parts:
1. The first part presents the protocol used to connect to resources.
- Protocols are rules for exchanging data between computers.
- The protocol http is used for web traffic and is most widely used internet protocol.
2. The 2nd part presents the domain name.
- It indicates the specific address where the resource is located.
- The last part the domain name following the dot (.) is the top-level domain (TLD). It identifies the type of organization.
Once the web site has connected to the web site, a document file is sent back to your computer. This document is typically contains Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). The browser intercepts HTML formatting instructions and displays the document as a web page.
Web pages also can contain special programming to add intercept and activity. A language called JavaScript is often used to trigger simple interactive features such as opening new browser window and checking information entered in online forms.
An advanced use of JavaScript called AJAX. This technology is used to create interactive web sites that respond quickly, like traditional desktop application software.
Applets are written in the Java programming language.
The Java Applets are used to presents animation, display graphics; provide interactive games, and much more.
Access the internet from variety for mobile device like cell phones. Special browsers called mobile browsers are designed on these portable devices
Communication
Is the most popular internet activity.
E-mail:-
E-mail or electronic mail is the transmission of electronic message over the internet.
Two of the most widely used e-mail programs are Microsoft’s Outlook express and Mozilla Thunderbird.
A typical e-mail message has 3 basic elements:
1. Header: appears first and typically includes the following information:
Addresses:
E-mail addresses have two 2 basic parts:
The first part is the user’s name
The second part is domain name, which includes the top-level domain. For example “ dcoats@usc.edu ”
Subjects:
A one line description, used to present the topic of the message.
Subject lines typically are displayed when a person checks his or her mailbox.
Attachments:
Allow you to attach files such as documents and image files.
2. The letter or message;
3. Signature:
- Provides additional information about the sender. The information may include the sender’s name, address, and telephone number.
Unwelcomed mail is called spam.
In an attempt to control spam, anti-virus laws have been added to our legal system.
Instant messaging:-
Allows two or more people to contact each other via direct, live communication.
Most instant messaging programs also include video conferencing features, file sharing, and remote assistance.
The most widely used instant messaging services are AOL’s instant messaging, Microsoft’s MSN Messenger, and Yahoo Messenger.
Social net****:-
One of the fastest-growing uses of the internet is social net****ing, or connecting individuals to one another.
There are 3 broad categories:
1. Reuniting sites:
- Are designed to connect people who have known one another but have lost touch.
- Two of the best-known reuniting sites are Classmates Online and Facebook.
2. Friend-of-a-friend sites:
- Are designed to bring together two people who don’t know one another but share common friend.
- Two well-known friend-of-a-friend sites are Friendster and MySpace.
3. Common interest sites:
- Bring together individuals that share common interest or hobbies
- Examples: Linkedln and Meetup.
Blogs, microblogs, and wikis
Many individuals create personal web sites, called web blogs or blogs, to keep in touch with friend and family.
Two of the most widely used are blogger and WordPress.
A microblog: publishes short sentences that only take a few seconds to write, rather than long stories or posts like a traditional blog. The most popular microblogging site, twitter.
A wiki is a web site specially designed to allow visitors to fill in missing information or correct inaccuracies. The most famous example is Wikipedia.
Search tools
Search devices maintain huge database relating o information provided on the web and the internet.
Special program called, spiders continually look for new information and update the search devices.
Search Engines:-
Specialized program that assist you in locating information on the web and the internet.
Search engines provide two 2 different search approaches:
1. Keyboard search:
- In a keyboard search, you enter a keyboard or phrase reflecting the information you want.
- The search engine compares your entry against its database and returns a list of hits, or sites that contain the keywords.
- If you’re searching for the specific music file you would use a keyboard search.
2. Directory search:
- Most search engines also provide a directory or list of categories or topic such as Autos, Finance, and Games.
- In a dictionary search, you select a category or topic that fits the information that you want.
- General information.
Metasearch Engines:-
Programs that automatically submit your search request to several search engines simultaneously.
The Metasearch engine receives the results, eliminates duplicates, orders the hits, and then provides the edited list to you.
Specialized search engines:-
Focus on subject-specific websites.
Can potentially save you time by narrowing your search.
Content Evaluation:-
Evaluating web site content:
1. Authority
2. Accuracy
3. Objectivity
4. Currency
Electronic Commerce
Electronic commerce also known as e-commerce, is the buying and selling of goods over the internet.
Involves two 2 parties:
1. Business
2. Consumers
There are 3 basic types of electronic commerce:
1. B2C::Business-to-Consumer:
Involves the sale of the product or service to the general public or end users
2. C2C::Consumer-to-Consumer:
Involves individuals selling o individuals.
3. B2B::Business-to-Business:
Involves the sale of the product or service from one business to another.
Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce:
The fastest growing type of e-commerce is business to consumer.
It is used by large corporations, small corporations, and start-up business.
The three 3 most widely used B2C application are:
1- Online banking;
2- Online stock trading;
3- Online shopping.
Consumer-to-Consumer E-Commerce:
A recent trend in C2C e-commerce is the growing popularity of web auctions.
Web auctions are similar to traditional auctions except that buyers and sellers seldom, if ever; meet face-to-face.
There are two 2 basic types of web auction sites:
1. Auction house sites: sell a wide range of merchandise directly to bidders.
2. Person-to-person auction sites: operate more like flea markets. The owner of the site provides a forum for numerous buyers and sellers together.
Security:
The single greatest challenge for e-commerce is the development of fast, secure, and reliable payment method for purchased goods.
The three 3 basic payment options are:
1. Checks: are the most traditional. Unfortunately, check purchases require the longest time to complete.
2. Credit card: purchases are faster and more convenient than check purchases.
3. Digital cash: is the internet’s equivalent to traditional cash. Although not as convenient as credit card purchases, digital cash is more secure.
A recent trend in C2C e-commerce is the growing popularity of web auctions.
Web auctions are similar to traditional auctions except that buyers and sellers seldom, if ever; meet face-to-face.
There are two 2 basic types of web auction sites:
1. Auction house sites: sell a wide range of merchandise directly to bidders.
2. Person-to-person auction sites: operate more like flea markets. The owner of the site provides a forum for numerous buyers and sellers together.
Security:
The single greatest challenge for e-commerce is the development of fast, secure, and reliable payment method for purchased goods.
The three 3 basic payment options are:
1. Checks: are the most traditional. Unfortunately, check purchases require the longest time to complete.
2. Credit card: purchases are faster and more convenient than check purchases.
3. Digital cash: is the internet’s equivalent to traditional cash. Although not as convenient as credit card purchases, digital cash is more secure.
Cloud Computing
Typically, application programs are owned by individuals or organizations and stored on their computer system’s hard disks.
Cloud computing uses the internet and the web to sift many of these computing activities from the user’s computer to other computers on the internet.
The basic component to cloud computing are:
1. Clients :
Are corporations and end users who want access to data, programs, and storage.
This access is to be available anywhere and anytime that connection to the internet is available.
2. Internet:
Provides the connection between the clients and the providers.
Two of the most critical factors determining the efficiency of cloud computing are:
The speed and reliability of the user’s access to the internet.
The internet’s capability to provide safe and reliable transmission o the data and programs.
3. Service providers:
Organizations with computers connected to the internets that are willing to provide access to software, data, and storage.
These providers may charge a fee or maybe free
Typically, application programs are owned by individuals or organizations and stored on their computer system’s hard disks.
Cloud computing uses the internet and the web to sift many of these computing activities from the user’s computer to other computers on the internet.
The basic component to cloud computing are:
1. Clients :
Are corporations and end users who want access to data, programs, and storage.
This access is to be available anywhere and anytime that connection to the internet is available.
2. Internet:
Provides the connection between the clients and the providers.
Two of the most critical factors determining the efficiency of cloud computing are:
The speed and reliability of the user’s access to the internet.
The internet’s capability to provide safe and reliable transmission o the data and programs.
3. Service providers:
Organizations with computers connected to the internets that are willing to provide access to software, data, and storage.
These providers may charge a fee or maybe free
الصفحة الأخيرة
Connectivity is the capacity of your microcomputer to share information with other computers.
Many experts predict that these wireless applications are just the beginning of the wireless revolution.
Central of the concept of connectivity is net****.
A net**** is communications system connection two or more computers.
The web provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the internet.
Cloud computing uses the internet and the web to shift many computer activities from a user’s computer to computers on the internet