BOCA
BOCA
( اللهم لا سهل الا ما جعلتة سهلا و انت تجعل الحزن اذا شئت سهلا )
( ربي اشرح لي صدري و يسر لى امري و احلل عقدتا من لساني يفقهه قولي )



Lesson 2 الدرس الثـــــــــاني

Introducing people




Speaking Skill





There are many ways to introduce people :


هناك عدة طرق لتقديم الاشخاص و هي :



formal situations الحالاتالرسمية1



- informal situations.الحالات الغير رسمية - 2




( ملاحظة : الحالات الغير رسمية هي المحادثات بين الاصدقاء او اشخاص تمون عليهم و



الرسمية العكس )



Here are some common phrases you can use:







Conversation -1























Vocabulary and idioms









(1 )



Months of years










( 2 )



Days of week









( 3 )

Idioms


as soon an ………….. بمجرد ان









في اسرع وقت ممكن ................... as soon as possible






بقدر ( للمعدود ) ...................... as many as






بقدر ( لغير المعدود ) ................... as much as






و كذلك ................... as well as






طالما ان ....................... as long as / so long as









Grammar











Singular and Plural Nouns



أسماء المفرد و الـــــجــــمع














1 - Singular Noun Definition:


تعريف الاسم المفرد



When a noun means one only, it call ( singular ) .



عندما الاسم يعنى شيء واحد فقط و يسمى singular بصيغة المفرد مثل :



Examples:


ولد boy, بنتgirl, كتابbook, كنيسةchurch, صندوقbox



2 - Plural Noun Definition:


تعريف اسم الجمع



When a noun means more than one, it call (plural )




عندما يعنى الاسم اكثر من شيء واحد يسمى (plural ) بصيغة الجمع مثل





Examples:


اولاد boys,بنات girls, كتبbooks, كنائس churches






Rule#1


The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding - s to a singular noun.




جمع الاسماء يكون عادتا باضافة ( s ) الى الاسم المفرد .




Examples:



Lamp : lamps



Cat : cats



Fork : forks



Flower : flowers





Rule#2


Nouns ending in s, z, x,sh, o and ch form the plural by adding - es.




الاسماء التى تنتهي بــ ( s – z - x - sh – ch ) يكون الجمع للاسم باضافة ( -es )





Examples:



Moss : mosses



Buzz : buzzes



Box : boxes



Dish : dishes



Church : churches



hero; heroes



grotto : grottoes





Rule#3


Nouns ending in - y preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by changing - y to - ies.




الاسماء التى تنتهي في اخرها بحرف ( y ) مسبوقة بحرف ساكن نجمعها بتغيير ( y ) الى ( ies )






Examples:



Lady: ladies



City: cities



Army: armies





Rule#4


Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding - s.




الاسماء التى تنتهي بحرف ( y ) مسبوقة بحرف علية يكون جمعها باضافة ( s ) الى اخرها






Example:



Boy: boys



Day: days





Rule#5Some nouns ending in f or fe are made plural by changing f or fe to - ves.




بعض الاسماء تنتهي بــ f او fe نقوم بجمعها بتغيير ( f او fe ) الى ves





Example:



Beef: beeves



Wife: wives






تمرين في جمع الاسماء





http://www.pb5th.com/test/writing/noun_forms-a.html



















Reading Skill










A Sick Day













It is a school day. Ann wakes up her child, Jill. Jill feels hot. She has a fever. Jill is sick. She should not go to school. She needs to stay home and rest. The school rule is that sick children must stay home.



Ann calls the school office. She tells the school worker about Jill. The school worker thanks Ann for her call. Ann asks if there is any school work for Jill to do at home. “Yes,” says the school worker. “It will be in the school office at noon.”




The school staff knows that Jill is sick before the start of the school day. They know why Jill will not be in school.




















Listening Skill









اسمع /ي الانشودة احفظها ورددها



ســـــ forgive me ـــــامـــــحنى





أ بــــ أ حــــ Ahmed Bukatir ــــمد ـــــــو خاطر



















Today, upon a bus,

I saw a girl with golden hair.
And wished I was as fair.
When suddenly she rose to leave,
I saw her hobble down the aisle.
She had one leg and wore a crutch.
But as she passed, she smiled.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I have two legs the world is mine.










With feet to take me where I `d go.

With eyes to see the sunset's glow.
With ears to hear what I'd know.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I have blessed indeed, the world is mine.










I stopped to buy some candy.

The lad who sold it had such charm.
I talked with him, he seemed so glad.
If I were late, it `d do no harm.
And as I left, he said to me,
"I thank you, you've been so kind.
You see," he said, "I `m blind"
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I have two eyes the world is mine.










With feet to take me where I `d go.

With eyes to see the sunset's glow.
With ears to hear what I'd know.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I have blessed indeed, the world is mine.










I saw a child with eyes of blue.

He stood and watched the others play.
He did not know what to do.
I stopped a moment and then I said,
"Why don't you join the others, dear?"
He looked ahead without a word.
And then I knew. He couldn't hear.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I have two ears the world is mine.










With feet to take me where I `d go.

With eyes to see the sunset's glow.
With ears to hear what I'd know.
Oh God, forgive me when I whine.
I have blessed indeed, the world is mine.














تــــــمنيـــــــــــاتي لكم بالتوفيق
BOCA
BOCA
Review


Introduction People





Me : Maha , I would like to introduce you to my friend Amal.
( هنا انا اوجة الكلام لامل بان حابة اعرفها على صديقتى امل )

Maha : I so glad to meet you
( هنا الكلام موجة الى امل )


Amal : And so do I
( هنا ترد امل على مها انها هي ايضا سعيدة)


Maha : How do you do ? ( لانة اللقاء الاول بينهم فنستخدم للسؤال عن الحال )


Amal : How do you do ?
( هنا الرد يكون بنفس السؤال )




شــــــــــرح
explanation





المتحدثة : انا me


اريد ان اعرف صديقتى امل على مها ( كيف ؟ )

اولا : انادري مها

ثانيا : اقول جملة التقديم
Maha , I would like to introduce you to ,

مها احب ان اعرفك على ......

ثالثا ً : بعدها اذكر اسم امل و لو حابة اتكلم عنها قليلا اتكلم فتصبح الجملة

Maha ,I would like to introduce you to my friend Amal


رابعا : هنا مهم ان ترد مها على امل و ليس انا بانها سعيد بالتعارف عليها

I am so glad to meet you .

خامسا : ينتهي دوري انا و تبدأ مها و امل يتكلمون مع بعض






ملاحظات هامـــة :



1 -

لاحظ /ي لما نقول How do you do ? الرد يكون :



بنفس العبارة فتقول How do you do
fine= رائعة , good = جيدة , bad = سيئة , not bad= لابأس بها ,

so and so = كذا و كذا بمعنى سيئة احيانا وجيدة احيانا اخرى .

ثم تتبع ذلك بشكر الشخص ان على السؤال فتقول مثلا
fine thank you




2 - بينما

لما نقول How are you ? الجواب يكون Fine thank you او Pretty good او غيرها ......



3 - لاحظ في تقديم الاشخاص نستخدم ايضاً ( This is ) ونستخدمها مع المفرد او الجمع


و تركيب جملتها يكون مثل الطريقة السابقة ( مع شخص واحد ) مفرد



Maha , this is Amal . She is my friend.

مها , هذة امل . انها صديقتي .


لما اريد ان اقدم اكثر من شخص أقول :

Maha , this is Amal , Nada , and Nahed . They are my friends.


مها , هؤلاء امل , ندى و ناهد . هم صديقاتي
BOCA
BOCA
Introducing Yourself


تــــقديم نـــــــفسك




عندما تريد تقديم نفسك تستخدم نفس عباراتالتقديم



May I introduce اوI want to introduce
مع كلمة myself او ourselves ان كنت تقدم مجموعة معك
فتقول :

May I introduce myself او I want to introduce myself
اسمح لي ان اقدم نفسي, انا اريد ان اقدم نفسي
we want to introduce ourselves
نريد ان نقدم انفسنا

ثم تبدا بالتعريف عن نفسك او انفسكم



مثال لمحادثة تقديم نفسك





Thinh: Hello.

Jim: Oh, hi there!

Thinh: Please allow me to introduce myself. My name is Thinh Nguyen and this is my wife, Lan Quong.

Jim: Pleased to meet you. My name is Jim Peters. Did you just move in next door?

Lan: Yes, we did. Have you lived here long?

Jim: Me? I guess so. I've lived here for about 6 years now. Have you lived in America very long?

Thinh: No. Not really. When we left Vietnam and came to America we lived with a cousin in Dallas for 2 years. Where do you work, Jim?

Jim: I teach mathematics at Willow Springs community college. What do you do?

Thinh: I am a mechanic at Allied Diesel. I repair truck engines.

Jim: What about you, Lan?

Lan: I am a nurse's assistant at Whitfield County hospital.

Jim: Well, Thinh and Lan, it was good to meet you. I have to go now. I'm teaching a class this evening and I need to get to the college.

Thinh: It was good to meet you, too, Jim.

Lan: Yes, it was good to meet you.

Jim: See you around!

Thinh and Lan: Good-bye, Jim!


The whole conversation
BOCA
BOCA
English language is easy , fun and clear

(( اللهم إني أسألك فهم النبيين، و حفظ المرسلين، و الملائكة المقربين،اللهم اجعل ألسنتنا عامرة بذكرك، و قلوبنا بخشيتك،و أسرارنا بطاعتك، إنك على كل شيء قدير ))

Lesson 3 الــــــدرس الثالث

Friendship and acquaintance

الصداقة و التعارف







Speaking Skill




Useful Phrases for Conversation



عبارات مفيد للمحادثة

( 1 )
























Vocabulary and Idioms



















Idioms







Fall asleep ……………… ينعس









Familiar with …………….. على معرفة بــ









Familiar to …………….. ( هذا الشخص ) ليس غريبا علي









In a hurry ……………………. مستعجل








Keep in touch with ……………. يبقى على اتصال مع














Grammar


قواعــــــد





الضمائر






The pronouns












الضمير : هو كلمة تحل محل الاسم ( اسم انسان – المكان – الشئ – الحيوان ) و هو يستخدم بدلا من هذة الاسماء بحيث يوافق كل ضمير الاسم الذي يشير الية و ذلك منعاً من تكرار الاسم





و تنقسم الى 8 أنواع :


و هنا راح اتحدث عن نوعين منها وهي



1 – الضمائر الشخصية The personal pronouns



2 – ضمائر الملكية Possessive pronouns








الضمائر الشخصية





The personal pronouns





و تنقسم الى نوعان :


1 – ضمائر الفاعل Subjective pronouns



2 – ضمائر المفعول بة Objective pronouns





اولا :





ضمائر الفاعل Subjective pronouns



و تاتي في خانة الفاعل في بداية الجملة قبل الفعل .









امثلة









ملاحظات هامة : :



1 - ان الضمير ( I ) يكتب دائما بحرف كبير سواء في اول الجملة او في وسط الجملة .


مثل :



Do you know how old am I ? هل تعرف كم عمري



I am20 years old عمري عشرين سنة



2 - يستعمل الضمير ( It ) للدلالة على الاحوال الجوية


مثل :


It is cold الطقس بارد



BOCA
BOCA
ثانيا ً :





ضمائر المفعول بة Objective pronouns





تاتي هذة الضمائر مباشرة بعد الافعال او بعد حروف الجر ( غالبا ما تاتي بعد حرف الجر to ) و هذة الضمائر جميعها تحل محل 3 اشخاص :


( المتكلم - المخاطب – الغائب ) المفرد و الجمع















امثلة لبعض الضمائر :





هنا راح اكتب جملة و احولة الى جملة فيها ضمير المفعول بة






1 - them :




We received the guests . نحن استقبلنا الضيوف


We received them . نحن استقبلناهم


2 – him :


I saw Ahmed yesterday. رأيت احمد امس


I saw him yesterday. انا رأيتة امس


3 – It :


He saw theplane in the sky. رأى الطائرة في السماء


He saw it in the sky. رآها في السماء



امثلة عندما تقع قبل حرف الجر :







1 – I bought a gift to her اشتريت لها هدية


2 – He gave the tickets to me اعطاني التذاكر









Reading skill








I miss my mom










During the class break Jan says, “ Noor , you look sad. Is something wrong?”




“My mom is sick. She lives in Chad. I miss her and want to be with her,” says Noor.





“My mom and dad live in Maine. I have not seen them for five years. I miss them too,” says Jan. “We talk on the phone. I write them letters, and I e-mail them.



It all helps, but it is not the same as seeing them.”




“Yes,” says Noor, “I do the same. I would like to see my mom and give her a hug. We both miss our loved ones.”





Definitions:تعاريف




·Break : a short stop


·


Miss : to feel the absence of someone you love


·


E-mail : a typed message using the computer






















Listening Skill




Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star











http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39ZQVBCHAoo&eurl=http://www.english4arab.net/vb/showthread.php?t=7719&page=14


Twinkle, twinkle, little star,




How I wonder what you are.


Up above the world so high,


Like a diamond in the sky.


Twinkle, twinkle, little star,


How I wonder what you are!



When the blazing sun is gone,


When he nothing shines upon,


Then you show your little light,


Twinkle, twinkle, all the night.


Twinkle, twinkle, little star,


How I wonder what you are!



Then the traveler in the dark


Thanks you for your tiny spark;


He could not see which way to go,


If you did not twinkle so.


Twinkle, twinkle, little star,


How I wonder what you are!