Chapter 4 – Unit 4
Fricatives
The next sounds we will consider are the fricatives. Rvicatives are part of a class of sounds called continuants. With continuants, the obstruction of the air stream is only partial, as opposed to the stops where the air stream is totally blocked. This partial obstruction allows the continuation of a sound over a period of time (limited only by the lung capacity of the speaker). A fricative, then, is a type of continuant in which the feature of friction is caused by air being forced through a small opening.
In this section, we will consider five types of fricatives – the labiodental fricatives [f] and [v], the interdental fricatives [o] and [o], the alveolar fricatives [s] and [z], the palantal fricatives [f] and [3], and the glottal fricative [h].
Labiodental Fricatives [f v].
Albiodental sound is one in which contact is made between the lower lip and the upper teeth. [f] and [v] are considered labiodental fricatives; [f] is voiceless and [v] is voiced . See Figure 4-4. Note the articulatory position for the labiodentals [f] and [v] in this diagram.
1. The sounds we are considering are called -------------------.
2. These sounds are part of a class of sounds that are called ---------.
3. These sounds are characterized by a ---------------- obstruction of the air stream.
4. The differ from stops in that with stops there is a ------------- obstruction of the air stream as opposed to a partial obstruction of the air stream with the fricatives.
5. The first group of fricatives that we are considering are the ------------fricatives.
6. Labiodental sounds are formed when contact is made between the ------------ and the ------------.
7. The two labiodental fricatives are [ ] and [ ].
8. The feature of ------------ is what distinguishes the [f] sound from the [v] sound.
9. What is the position of your lower lip and upper teeth when you say [f] and [v]? --------------------------------
10. The two sounds [f] and [v] are made by touching the ------------- teeth with the ----------------- lip. They are the two -------------- sounds of English.
11. In the following sentence underline all the letters that represent labiodental sounds: Phyllis, Dave, and five other violinists from Vermont will perform with sympho orchestra.
Chapter 4 – Unit 4
Fricatives
The next sounds we will consider are the fricatives. Rvicatives...
اقصد يالغاليات رمز او اي شي
لكن تكفون ابية قبل يوم الاربعاء