English spelling rules

وإياك إن شاء الله دانة عمان - سعيدة إنك معانا :)

عفوا اختي - سعيدة انك متابعة معانا :)

تكملة موضوع Spelling rules for adding s in the third person singular

Verbs ending in o
When a verb ends in o, the letter e is added before the s ending. For example:

he does his work


Verbs ending in ch, s, sh, x or z
When a verb ends in a sibilant sound such as ch, s, sh, x or z, the letter e is added before the s ending. For example:

he watches tv everyday

وهكذا اكملنا الموضوع الثاني والتمارين المتعلقة به موجودة إن شاء الله في ملف التمارين.

السلام عليكم .. موضوعنا لليوم هو Spelling rules for the formation of the present participle


درسنا في القواعد انو ال present participle عبارة عن verb+ -ing نشوف مع بعض قواعد ال spelling الخاصة بيها.


1-a. Verbs ending in a silent e
When a verb ends in a silent e, the silent e is dropped before the ending ing is added. For example:

يعني إذا كان الفعل في المصدر ينتهي ب e وهي لا تلفظ فاننا نقوم بحذفها ثم نقوم بإضافة ال -ing

leave- he's leaving home

However, when a verb ends in an e which is not silent, the final e is not dropped before the ending ing is added. For example:

See- Seeing


Verbs ending in ie
When a verb ends in ie, the ie is changed to y before the ending ing is added. For example

to die- dying

ملاحظة:
When a verb ends in y, no change is made before the ending is added. For example:

to fly- flying

نكمل غدا إن شاء الله بقية الموضوع .

c. One-syllable verbs ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel

Except in the case of the final consonants w, x and y, when a one-syllable verb ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, the final consonant must be doubled before the ending ing is added. The reason for this is to reflect the fact that the pronunciation of the single vowel does not change when the ending ing is added.

تحتوي المجموعة 1 فيما يلي على short vowels : not- fat-fill
بينما المجموعة 2 تحتوي على long vowels :
note- file- fate

in the case of most one-syllable verbs ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, the vowel is pronounced short. In order to reflect the fact that the vowel is also pronounced short in the corresponding present participle, except in the case of w, x and y, the final consonant must be doubled before the ending ing is added.

examples
noddind
running

but : drawing

ملاحظة:
It should also be noted that when a verb ends in a single consonant preceded by two vowels, the final consonant is not doubled before the ending is added. The reason for this is that two vowels together are generally pronounced long. For example:

to rain - raining


d. Verbs of more than one syllable which end in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel

When a verb of more than one syllable ends in a single consonant other than w, x or y preceded by a single vowel, the final consonant is doubled to form the present participle only when the last syllable of the verb is pronounced with the heaviest stress.

examples:
to expel- expelling

When a verb of more than one syllable ends in w, x or y, the final consonant is not doubled before the ending ing is added. In the following examples, the syllables pronounced with the heaviest stress are underlined. For example:

to allow- allowing

When the last syllable of a verb is not pronounced with the heaviest stress, the final consonant is usually not doubled to form the present participle. For instance, in the following examples, the last syllables of the verbs do not have the heaviest stress, and the final consonants are not doubled to form the present participles. In these examples, the syllables pronounced with the heaviest stress are underlined. For example

to listen- listening
to limit- limiting


ملاحظة :
British and American spelling rules differ for verbs which end in a single l preceded by a single vowel. In British spelling, the l is always doubled before the endings ing and ed
are added. However, in American spelling, verbs ending with a single l follow the same rule as other verbs; the l is doubled only when the last syllable has the heaviest stress. In the following examples, the syllables with the heaviest stress are underlined. For example:
signal
br= signalling
american english= signaling