English spelling rules

الحمد الله انو الامور اتضحت لك عزيزتي . ما في تعب ولا شي. بانتظار تصحيح اجوبتك.

السلام عليكم .. نبدا اليوم مع الموضوع التاسع

موضوع اليوم فيه نقاط تطرقنا لها في مواضيع سابقة بس اليوم إن شاء الله حيكون في نقطة على اثر الحروف اللاحقة suffixes على هذه القاعدة .

When a suffix beginning with a vowel is added to a stressed syllable ending in asingle consonant preceded by a single vowel, the consonantis usually doubled


امثلة : able-
control > controllable

ملاحظة:
In British English, a final letter l following a single vowel is doubled even if the syllable is unstressed: travel > travelled.

American English not only adheres to the usual rule requiring the final syllable to be stressed before doubling, it doubles the final l in all forms of the verb, thereby eliminating this particular spelling headache altogether:
AmE enroll > enrolled
and fulfill > fulfilled;
BrE enrol > enrolled
and fulfil > fulfilled.

2-
-ed
stop > stopped
admit > admitted

In the following cases the stress وin the final syllable is secondary:
kidnap > kidnapped
program > programmed


ملاحظة:
Consult a dictionary before doubling a final s to form noun plurals, especially in monosyllabic words: gas > gases;
bus > buses (but AmE busses).

A final z is always doubled:
fez > fezzes; quiz > quizzes.

In words of more than one syllable, both British and American English follow the usual stress rule when adding -es to form the third person singular of the present tense:
focus > focuses;
nonplus > nonplusses.

In British English (as in the case involving a final l above), a stressed syllable is not a prerequisite for doubling the s before -ed and -ing to form past tenses and gerunds.
So BrE grants you the option of either focussed or focused and focussing or focusing.
AmE, on the other hand, prefers the latter variants (focused and focusing), which follow the general rule about stress.


3
er
big > bigger

4-
-ing
begin > beginning


5
-ish
red > reddish

ملاحظات :
Instead of doubling a final consonant c, which only occurs in unstressed syllables, it becomes ck before the addition of a suffix: traffic > trafficking;

The consonants h, w, x and y are never doubled (e.g. affix > affixing), and neither are silent consonants found in words of foreign origin:
crochet > crocheting;

انتهى الموضوع التاسع بحمده تعالى

يارب لا تحرمها الاجر ياكريم

ربي لا يحرمني منك ولا من دعواتك سمية.